獨立光伏發電系統
獨立光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)由太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)陣列(lie)、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)變(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)(逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi))、負(fu)載等組(zu)成(cheng)。其(qi)工作原理是，太(tai)(tai)陽輻射能(neng)(neng)(neng)量經過光伏(fu)(fu)陣列(lie)首先被轉換(huan)(huan)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，然后由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)變(bian)換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)變(bian)換(huan)(huan)后給負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。同時將多余的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)經過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)后以(yi)化學能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)形式儲(chu)存在儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝置中。這樣在日照不(bu)(bu)足時，儲(chu)存在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量就可經過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)逆變(bian)器(qi)(qi)、濾波和(he)工頻變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)升壓后變(bian)成(cheng)交(jiao)流220V、50 Hz的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)供交(jiao)流負(fu)載使用。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)特點是白(bai)天發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，而負(fu)載往(wang)往(wang)卻是全天候用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此在獨立光伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)元(yuan)(yuan)件必不(bu)(bu)可少，工程上使用的(de)(de)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)元(yuan)(yuan)件主要是蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
并網光伏發電系統
并網光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發電(dian)系統由(you)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣列、高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)DC/DC升(sheng)壓電(dian)路(lu)、電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子變換器(逆(ni)(ni)變器)和系統監(jian)控(kong)部分組成(cheng)。其(qi)工作原理是，太陽輻(fu)射能量經過(guo)光(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣列轉換后，再經高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)直流(liu)變換后變成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)壓直流(liu)電(dian)，然后經過(guo)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子逆(ni)(ni)變器逆(ni)(ni)變后向電(dian)網輸(shu)出(chu)與電(dian)網電(dian)壓相頻(pin)一致(zhi)的正(zheng)弦交流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)。
以上兩種光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)區別就在于，并(bing)(bing)網(wang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)直接與電(dian)網(wang)相連(lian)接，因而(er)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)陣列的(de)(de)電(dian)量(liang)盈余(yu)與并(bing)(bing)聯電(dian)網(wang)可(ke)以實行互補，省(sheng)去了獨立(li)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)必需的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)等儲能(neng)元件，不僅降(jiang)低了系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)成本，而(er)且(qie)提升了系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性(xing)。同時，夏天太(tai)陽輻射強度大，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)多(duo)，可(ke)以對夏天電(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)峰荷起到調(diao)節作用。隨著近年來太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)發(fa)電(dian)的(de)(de)大規模(mo)應用以及太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)組件價格(ge)的(de)(de)迅(xun)速下降(jiang)，并(bing)(bing)網(wang)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)無疑將得(de)到更(geng)為廣泛的(de)(de)應用。
以上內容來自百科。
